Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of triterpenoid saponins.

By J. Augustin, V. Kuzina, S. Andersen, Søren Bak. Phytochemistry, 2011

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Secondary metabolites and their multidimensional prospective in plant life (2017, neutral): “A large number of structurally diverse triterpenes like oleane, ursane, lupine types result from cyclization of squalene units [38] .”
Plant Defense Chemicals against Insect Pests (2020, background): “The generally accepted mode of action for saponins relates to their amphipathic properties resulting from the combination of a hydrophobic triterpene or sterol backbone and a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain, which induces formation of pores and vesicles, and causes general membrane disruption [55,56]”
A specialized metabolic network selectively modulates Arabidopsis root microbiota (2019, background): “They are one of the largest and most structurally diverse families of plant natural products and many have been shown to possess antifungal and antibacterial activities, suggesting potential roles in mediating interactions between the producing plants and microbes (9-11).”
Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview (2015, background): “Saponins are a group of natural compounds that consist of an isoprenoidal-derived aglycone, designated genin or sapogenin, covalently linked to one or more sugar moieties [107].”