Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.

By G. Draisma, R. Boer, S. Otto, I. W. van der Cruijsen, R. Damhuis, F. Schröder, H. D. de Koning. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2003

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20-year outcomes following conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. (2005, neutral): “Deceased, unable to ascertain cause 25 (4)”
Overdiagnosis in cancer. (2010, background): “The investigators estimated that 48% of all patients diagnosed in the screened group (which included both PSA- and clinically detected cancers) had been overdiagnosed (20).”
“A 16-yr Follow-up of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer” (2019, background): “The continued decline in NND many years after termination of PCa screening also reflects the long lead time of screen-detected PCa [16].”
Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of Prostate Cancer (2014, methodology): “[8] Rotterdam section of ERSPC Overdiagnoses/screen-detected cases Lead time using MISCAN model 67% Draisma et al.”
Active surveillance program for prostate cancer: an update of the Johns Hopkins experience. (2011, background): “overtreatment of prostate cancers that would not have been diagnosed during life in the absence of screening.(1) Given the morbidity associated with prostate cancer treatment, it is prudent to explore alterna-”