Competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions by multiwalled carbon nanotubes

By Yan-hui Li, Jun Ding, Z. Luan, Ze-chao Di, Yuefeng Zhu, Cai-lu Xu, De-hai Wu, Bingqing Wei. 2003

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A Review of Removal of Pollutants from Water/Wastewater Using Different Types of Nanomaterials (2014, background): “Cd [288], Cr [289], Pb [290], and Zn [291] and metalloids such as arsenic (As) compounds [292].”
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Carbon Nanotubes (2014, background): “The CNTs have a great potential application of removing heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) (25, 26), cadmium (Cd) (27–29), lead (Pb) (30, 31), nickel (Ni) (32–34) and copper (Cu) (35, 36), as well as fluoride (37, 38) and radioactive nuclides (39–42).”
Nanotechnology and Water Treatment: Applications and Emerging Opportunities (2008, background): “Although nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVI) have been proven to be effective in degrading chlorinated organics, its intrinsic structure may limit its reaction rate (Zhang et al. 1998a; Cheng and Wu 2000; Li et al. 2003).”
Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. (2013, positive): “A statistical analysis based on the best-fit regression of Zn2þ adsorption capacity and the number of regeneration and reuse cycles suggested that CNT nano-adsorbents can be regenerated and reused up to several hundred times for Zn2þ removal while maintaining reasonable adsorption capacity (Lu et al”