Counterfactual Thinking: From Logic to Morality

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Explanation in Human-AI Systems: A Literature Meta-Review, Synopsis of Key Ideas and Publications, and Bibliography for Explainable AI (2019, background): “n of "why it is not something else." In other words, explanation and counterfactual reasoning are co-implicative. Instances of explanation often are expressions of counterfactual reasoning (Byrne, 2017). Hypothesis: Explanation of "why something is what it is" entails a predictio”
Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospects (2018, background): “Instances of explanation often are expressions of counterfactual reasoning (Byrne, 2017).”
Thinking About the Opposite of What Is Said: Counterfactual Conditionals and Symbolic or Alternate Simulations of Negation (2018, background): “Instead, they appear to update the epistemic status of the possibility “there were roses and there were orange trees” from corresponding to a counterfactual conjecture to corresponding to the actual facts (e.g., Byrne, 2017).”
Moral hindsight for good actions and the effects of imagined alternatives to reality. (2018, background): “For example, participants' condemnation of the ‘lucky’ brick-thrower who failed to harm is amplified when they are told a counterfactual about how things would have turned out worse, e.g., if he had thrown the brick from another section of the bridge he would have hit a car (e.g., Parkinson & Byrne,”