Models, algorithms and validation for opensource DEM and CFD-DEM

By C. Kloss, C. Goniva, A. Hager, S. Amberger, Stefan Pirker. 2012

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A Methodical Calibration Procedure for Discrete Element Models (2017, methodology): “It was implemented using purely open-source software including LIGGGHTS [16] and GNU Octave [17].”
Extended CFD–DEM for free‐surface flow with multi‐size granules (2016, methodology): “It was pointed out in previous studies that erroneous results arise as the particle size approaches the cell size [13, 14, 16].”
Particle-based simulation of powder application in additive manufacturing (2016, methodology): “The integration is performed using the open-source library for DEM simulations developed by Kloss et al. (2012) (LIGGGHTS), which has been extended here in order to account for the particle model described above.”
Modeling of solidification microstructure evolution in laser powder bed fusion fabricated 316L stainless steel using combined computational fluid dynamics and cellular automata (2019, methodology): “The interaction of particles is calculated based on Hertzian contact force[39, 40]:”