Persistent inflammation and immunosuppression: A common syndrome and new horizon for surgical intensive care
By Lori F. Gentile, A. Cuenca, P. Efron, Darwin Ang, B. McKinley, L. Moldawer, F. Moore. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 2012
698 citations recorded by the source corpus.
ABSTRACT Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) stay of longer than 10 days is often described by the experienced intensivist as a “complicated clinical course” and is frequently attributed to persistent immune dysfunction. “Systemic inflammatory response syndrome” (SIRS) followed by “compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome” (CARS) is a conceptual framework to explain the immunologic trajectory that ICU patients with severe sepsis, trauma, or emergency surgery for abdominal infection often traverse, but the causes, mechanisms, and reasons for persistent immune dysfunction remain unexplained. Often involving multiple-organ failure (MOF) and death, improvements in surgical intensive care have altered its incidence, phenotype, and frequency and have increased the number of patients who survive initial sepsis or surgical events and progress to a persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Often observed, but rarely reversible, these patients may survive to transfer to a long-term care facility only to return to the ICU, but rarely to self-sufficiency. We propose that PICS is the dominant pathophysiology and phenotype that has replaced late MOF and prolongs surgical ICU stay, usually with poor outcome. This review details the evolving epidemiology of MOF, the clinical presentation of PICS, and our understanding of how persistent inflammation and immunosuppression define the pathobiology of prolonged intensive care. Therapy for PICS will involve innovative interventions for immune system rebalance and nutritional support to regain physical function and well-being.
Subfields: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Epidemiology, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84f968da4858969a5086fe8da0e394ec9de2a897
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Citations in the corpus
- Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) (2009, background): “”(443) In a series of studies, genomic and clinical data from trauma patients and SICU patients with a prolonged course of recovery (>14 days) demonstrated chronic inflammation and a maladaptive immune response that contributed to secondary nosocomial infections and severe protein catabolism.(443,44”
- Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). (2009, background): “”(443) In a series of studies, genomic and clinical data from trauma patients and SICU patients with a prolonged course of recovery (>14 days) demonstrated chronic inflammation and a maladaptive immune response that contributed to secondary nosocomial infections and severe protein catabolism.(443,44”