Input- output theory of cavities in the ultrastrong coupling regime : The case of time-independent cavity parameters

By C. Ciuti, I. Carusotto. 2006

228 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a full quantum theory for the dissipative dynamics of an optical cavity in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime, in which the vacuum Rabi frequency is a significant fraction of the active electronic transition frequency and the antiresonant terms of the light-matter coupling play an important role. In particular, our model can be applied to the case of intersubband transitions in doped semiconductor quantum wells embedded in a microcavity. The coupling of the intracavity photonic mode and of the electronic polarization to the external, frequency-dependent, dissipation baths is taken into account by means of quantum Langevin equations in the input-output formalism. In the case of a time-independent vacuum Rabi frequency, exact analytical expressions for the operators are obtained, which allows us to characterize the quantum dissipative response of the cavity to an arbitrary initial condition (vacuum, coherent field, thermal excitation). For a vacuum input in both the photonic and electronic polarization modes, the ground state of the cavity system is a two-mode squeezed vacuum state with a finite population in both photonic and electronic modes. These excitations are, however, virtual and cannot escape from the cavity: for a vacuum input, a vacuum output is found, without any trace of the intracavity squeezing. For a coherent photonic input the linear optical response spectra (reflectivity, absorption, transmission) have been studied, and signatures of the ultrastrong coupling have been identified in the asymmetric and peculiar anticrossing of the polaritonic eigenmodes. Finally, we have calculated the electroluminescence spectra in the case of an incoherent electronic input: the emission intensity in the ultrastrong coupling regime results in being significantly enhanced as compared to the case of an isolated quantum well without a surrounding cavity.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84b8bee1c24c4ba3841f0a3db6f3c91f68868914

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Citations in the corpus

Cavity-induced modifications of molecular structure in the strong coupling regime (2015, background): “For example, for a microcavity, an input-output formalism [40], in which the cavity mode is driven by external photons through the cavity mirrors, would be most appropriate.”
Polariton polarization-sensitive phenomena in planar semiconductor microcavities (2009, background): “For this reason a Langevin noise (Ciuti et al 2003, Rubo 2004, Schwendimann et al 2003, Ciuti and Carusotto 2006) has been added to equations (69) and (70).”
Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits (2017, background): “Standard input-output relations say that the output photon flux from the resonator is proportional to 〈 a†a 〉 , but here that would imply energy leaving a system which already is in its ground state [440, 441].”
Continuous transition between weak and ultrastrong coupling through exceptional points in carbon nanotube microcavity exciton–polaritons (2018, background): “The small feature at the high energy end is due to the coupling of cavity photons with the E11 excitons of residual (9,1) nanotubes as well as the E11 phonon sideband of (6,5) tubes.”