Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator

By S. Ebadi, Tout T. Wang, H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semeghini, Ahmed Omran, D. Bluvstein, R. Samajdar, Hannes Pichler, Wen Wei Ho and 5 more. Nature, 2020

1,156 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Motivated by far-reaching applications ranging from quantum simulations of complex processes in physics and chemistry to quantum information processing1, a broad effort is currently underway to build large-scale programmable quantum systems. Such systems provide insights into strongly correlated quantum matter2–6, while at the same time enabling new methods for computation7–10 and metrology11. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum simulator based on deterministically prepared two-dimensional arrays of neutral atoms, featuring strong interactions controlled by coherent atomic excitation into Rydberg states12. Using this approach, we realize a quantum spin model with tunable interactions for system sizes ranging from 64 to 256 qubits. We benchmark the system by characterizing high-fidelity antiferromagnetically ordered states and demonstrating quantum critical dynamics consistent with an Ising quantum phase transition in (2 + 1) dimensions13. We then create and study several new quantum phases that arise from the interplay between interactions and coherent laser excitation14, experimentally map the phase diagram and investigate the role of quantum fluctuations. Offering a new lens into the study of complex quantum matter, these observations pave the way for investigations of exotic quantum phases, non-equilibrium entanglement dynamics and hardware-efficient realization of quantum algorithms. A programmable quantum simulator with 256 qubits is created using neutral atoms in two-dimensional optical tweezer arrays, demonstrating a quantum phase transition and revealing new quantum phases of matter.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8466edf6fcdb2b524b0aec25107963c04f785de5

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Artificial Intelligence

In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Citations in the corpus

Prediction of Toric Code Topological Order from Rydberg Blockade (2020, background): “The spin liquid phase can be created via adiabatic sweep of laser detuning, starting from the disordered phase to a desired value of positive detuning, as demonstrated previously for one-dimensional [64, 126] and two-dimensional [55, 56] systems.”
A quantum processor based on coherent transport of entangled atom arrays (2021, neutral): “size through wavefront control using the phase profile on a spatial light modulator (SLM) [25].”
Quantum optimization of maximum independent set using Rydberg atom arrays (2022, methodology): “1 Hardware-e cient encoding of the Maximum Independent Set problem Our experiments are performed on the 2D Rydberg programmable quantum simulator described previously in [26].”
Quantum error mitigation (2022, background): “…it has become routine to see reports of experiments demonstrating high-quality control over multiple qubits [see e.g. Asavanant et al. (2019); Ebadi et al. (2021); Jurcevic et al. (2021); Madjarov et al. (2020); and Xue et al. (2022)], some even reaching beyond 50 qubits [see e.g. Arute et…”
Microwave-engineering of programmable XXZ Hamiltonians in arrays of Rydberg atoms (2021, background): “and quantum phase transitions [31,32], and observe the”
Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays (2023, methodology): “We choose our entangling-zone profile, realized by 420-nm and 1,013-nm Rydberg ‘top-hat’ beams generated by SLM phase profiles 30 , to be homogeneous over a 35-μm-tall region.”
Quantum simulation and computing with Rydberg-interacting qubits (2020, methodology): “The use of improved Rydberg excitation lasers made it possible to increase the coherence length to 7 sites 52 and > 11 sites respectively 50 , demonstrating controlled (adiabatic) quantum evolution for systems reaching the limits of state-of-the-art numerical methods.”