The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, the Rich and the Rest, Not the Poor and the Rest

By N. Birdsall. 2010

225 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/832e9cce309245f9b8c0a6c8e657bfd6f54fa90b

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Citations in the corpus

Declining inequality in Latin America: Some economics, some politics * (2011, unknown): “Birdsall (2010) defines a global middle class in income terms across both advanced and developing countries as those households with income per capita of at least $10 (2005 PPP terms) who are not among the richest 5 percent in their own country.”
A vulnerability approach to the definition of the middle class (2011, unknown): “Moving to a developing world perspective, Birdsall [3] defined the middle class to include those with income between $10 a day and at or below the 95th percentile of the income distribution.”
The Rise of a Middle Class in East and Southern Africa: Implications for Food System Transformation (2014, background): “Birdsall (2010) also analyses much household survey data without looking in any detail at food.”
Fiscal Capacity and the Quality of Government in Sub-Saharan Africa (2013, background): “14 Both proxies for the size of the middle class follow essentially the definition advanced by Birdsall (2010). According to Birdsall (2010), every individual with income/consumption above 10$ a day and below the 95th percentile of the income distribution in his or her country is part of the middle ”
Global Inequality: Beyond the Bottom Billion – A Rapid Review of Income Distribution in 141 Countries (2011, unknown): “This has generated debate on how states need to meet the welfare needs of all of their citizens, including the middle classes who are critical for nation building (Birdsall 2010).”