The Relation between Expected Returns, Realized Returns, and Firm Risk Characteristics

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Accounting Quality, Stock Price Delay and Future Stock Returns (2013, unknown): “In a forthcoming paper, Botosan et al. (2011) suggest using the RPEG implied cost of equity capital measure (Easton, 2004), rather than future realized stock returns, as a proxy for expected equity returns.”
The effect of carbon dissemination on cost of equity (2019, background): “This measure assumes no dividend payout and is associated “with firm‐specific risk characteristics in a theoretically predictable and stable manner” (Botosan et al., 2011, p. 1085).”
Directors׳ and officers׳ liability insurance and the cost of equity☆ (2016, unknown): “We control for unlevered beta (UBETA), firm size (LnMV), the book-to-market ratio (LnBM), leverage (LEV), and the forecast of long-term earnings growth (FLTG) as these variables are correlated with the cost of equity (Botosan et al., 2011).”
The effect of corporate tax avoidance on the cost of equity (2013, methodology): “The mean and median cost of equity (R_PEG) are 11.7 percent and 10.5 percent, respectively, which are comparable to those reported in prior studies (e.g., Botosan et al. 2011).”
Economic Consequences of Key Performance Indicators' Disclosure Quality (2015, unknown): “In recent years, Botosan et al. (2011) test the validity and reliability of eleven proxies for the ICC.”