Variation in water and sucrose responsiveness during the foraging season affects proboscis extension learning in honey bees

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Standard methods for behavioural studies of Apis mellifera (2013, background): “5A, B; Takeda, 1961; Bitterman et al., 1983; Hammer and Menzel, 1995; Sandoz et al., 1995; Scheiner et al., 2003; Matsumoto et al., 2012).”
Statistical guidelines for Apis mellifera research (2013, background): “Moreover, it introduces the environmental influence of time; results one achieves in spring may not be replicated in summer e.g. Scheiner et al. (2003) reported seasonal variation in proboscis extension responses (previously called proboscis extension reflexes; also see Frost et al., 2012).”
Sucrose responsiveness and behavioral plasticity in honey bees (Apis mellifera) (2004, background): “Pollen foragers of a honey bee colony are on average more responsive to sucrose than nectar foragers in most weeks of a foraging season (Scheiner et al., 2003a).”
The Development and Evolution of Division of Labor and Foraging Specialization in a Social Insect (Apis mellifera L.) (2006, background): “These findings were later also demonstrated for olfactory learning, in which the bees have to associate an odor with a sucrose reward (Scheiner et al., 2003a).”