Polysulfone membranes blended with ZnO nanoparticles for reducing fouling by oleic acid

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Development of polysulfone-nanohybrid membranes using ZnO-GO composite for enhanced antifouling and antibacterial control (2017, background): “Although the variance of pores sizes was not significant, it could be concluded that all the membranes were approaching nanoscale which was a promising step to the formation of nanofiltration membrane in accordance to the permeability, too [15].”
Inorganic Nanomaterials in Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes for Water Treatment (2015, background): “(176) to improve the fouling resistance towards oleic acid by blending ZnO nanoparticles into polysulfone UF membrane to create antifouling feature, not only on the membrane surface but also in the pores.”
Novel nanohybrid polysulfone membrane embedded with silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanoplates (2015, background): “However, the surface of the PSF membrane is slightly hydrophobic in nature, which possibly reduces its surface wettability or self-cleaning effect for prolonged application [3].”