Water desalination across nanoporous graphene.

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A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies. (2017, background): “membrane materials as substitute for polyamide, which is of great importance because although improvements on traditional polyamide RO membranes have been achieved, they are not revolutionary since membrane fouling, membrane degradation in the presence of chlorine as well as other problems are still”
Two-Dimensional-Material Membranes: Manipulating the Transport Pathway for Molecular Separation (2021, methodology): “19 Moreover, perforation technologies such as ultraviolet-induced oxidative etching, 20 focused ion beam etching, 21 and oxygen plasma etching 22 have been used to fabricate porous graphene membranes.”
Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide membranes via electrostatic interaction (2014, background): “, carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy groups), graphene oxide (GO) can be mass-produced by oxidizing and exfoliating graphite [1] and has great potential as building blocks for the fabrication of inexpensive yet highperformance water purification membranes [2–6].”
Mechanical properties of water desalination and wastewater treatment membranes (2017, background): “More recently, molecular dynamics simulations of the physical and mechanical properties for nanoporous graphene membrane were conducted [14], [15], [16], [17] and [18].”