ALMA IMAGING OF GAS AND DUST IN A GALAXY PROTOCLUSTER AT REDSHIFT 5.3: [C ii] EMISSION IN “TYPICAL” GALAXIES AND DUSTY STARBURSTS ≈1 BILLION YEARS AFTER THE BIG BANG

By D. Riechers, C. Carilli, P. Capak, N. Scoville, V. Smolčić, E. Schinnerer, M. Yun, P. Cox, F. Bertoldi, A. Karim and 1 more. 2014

139 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We report interferometric imaging of [C ii](2P3/2→2P1/2) and OH(2Π1/2 J = 3/2→1/2) emission toward the center of the galaxy protocluster associated with the z = 5.3 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) AzTEC-3, using the Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA). We detect strong [C ii], OH, and rest-frame 157.7 μm continuum emission toward the SMG. The [C ii](2P3/2→2P1/2) emission is distributed over a scale of 3.9 kpc, implying a dynamical mass of 9.7 × 1010 M☉, and a star formation rate (SFR) surface density of ΣSFR = 530 M☉ yr−1 kpc−2. This suggests that AzTEC-3 forms stars at ΣSFR approaching the Eddington limit for radiation pressure supported disks. We find that the OH emission is slightly blueshifted relative to the [C ii] line, which may indicate a molecular outflow associated with the peak phase of the starburst. We also detect and dynamically resolve [C ii](2P3/2→2P1/2) emission over a scale of 7.5 kpc toward a triplet of Lyman-break galaxies with moderate UV-based SFRs in the protocluster at ∼95 kpc projected distance from the SMG. These galaxies are not detected in the continuum, suggesting far-infrared SFRs of <18–54 M☉ yr−1, consistent with a UV-based estimate of 22 M☉ yr−1. The spectral energy distribution of these galaxies is inconsistent with nearby spiral and starburst galaxies, but resembles those of dwarf galaxies. This is consistent with expectations for young starbursts without significant older stellar populations. This suggests that these galaxies are significantly metal-enriched, but not heavily dust-obscured, “normal” star-forming galaxies at z > 5, showing that ALMA can detect the interstellar medium in “typical” galaxies in the very early universe.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80ab55fef7fa0b9f05f87bbc332dd5b7dd16111b

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. L. Hernquist
2. P. Hopkins
3. F. Walter
4. D. Narayanan
5. D. M. Alexander
6. E. Daddi
7. R. Somerville
8. C. Carilli

In Instrumentation

1. E. Daddi
2. P. V. van Dokkum
3. A. Koekemoer
4. P. Capak
5. L. Hernquist
6. C. Conroy
7. P. Hopkins
8. I. Labbé

Citations in the corpus

• The assembly of ‘normal’ galaxies at z ∼ 7 probed by ALMA (2015, background): “In the last few years a few galaxies at z∼4–6 with more modest star formation rates (50 − 300 M yr−1) have been detected in [CII] or in continuum (Carilli et al. 2013; Wagg et al. 2012; Carniani et al. 2013; Williams et al. 2014; Riechers et al. 2014).”
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey (2020, background): “Galaxies with star formation rates as low as a few M yr−1 have been detected in [CII] at z ∼ 5 (Riechers et al. 2014; Capak et al. 2015), and [CII] is now detected for galaxies well into the reionization epoch (e.g., Bradač et al. 2017; Smit et al. 2018; Harikane et al. 2018; Fujimoto et al. 2019;…”
• An ALMA [C ii] Survey of 27 Quasars at z > 5.94 (2018, background): “On the other hand, Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyα emitters (LAEs) at >z 5 (Riechers et al. 2014; Capak et al. 2015; Maiolino et al. 2015; Pentericci et al. 2016) show significantly narrow [C II] lines, with a mean and standard deviation of 200±100 -km s 1.”
• ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: THE INFRARED EXCESS OF UV-SELECTED z = 2–10 GALAXIES AS A FUNCTION OF UV-CONTINUUM SLOPE AND STELLAR MASS (2016, background): “…first results from these facilities indicated that there was no detectable dustenshrouded star formation in normal or even extremely bright UV -selected z > 5 galaxies (Walter et al. 2012; Ouchi et al. 2013; Ota et al. 2014; González-López et al. 2014; Riechers et al. 2014; Maiolino et al. 2015).”
• An Extreme Protocluster of Luminous Dusty Starbursts in the Early Universe (2017, background): “…ALMA imaging at m870 m reveals that this source is resolved into at least three bright star-forming clumps with extreme SFR densities of S ~ - -– M800 2000 yr kpcSFR 1 2 (Oteo et al. 2017b), which is among the highest known (Riechers et al. 2014, 2017; Iono et al. 2016; Oteo et al. 2017a).”
• The dust content of galaxies from z = 0 to z = 9 (2016, background): “This suggests that the buildup of dust starts at high redshift, as suggested by observations (Bertoldi et al. 2003; Hughes, Dunlop & Rawlings 1997; Valiante et al. 2009; Venemans et al. 2012; Casey, Narayanan & Cooray 2014; Riechers et al. 2014; Watson et al. 2015).”