Digital zero noise extrapolation for quantum error mitigation

By Tudor Giurgică-Tiron, Yousef Hindy, Ryan Larose, Andrea Mari, William J. Zeng. International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering, 2020

372 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is an increasingly popular technique for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computations without using additional quantum resources. We review the fundamentals of ZNE and propose several improvements to noise scaling and extrapolation, the two key components in the technique. We introduce unitary folding and parameterized noise scaling. These are digital noise scaling frameworks, i.e. one can apply them using only gate-level access common to most quantum instruction sets. We also study different extrapolation methods, including a new adaptive protocol that uses a statistical inference framework. Benchmarks of our techniques show error reductions of 18X to 24X over non-mitigated circuits and demonstrate ZNE's effectiveness at larger qubit numbers than have been tested previously. In addition to presenting new results, this work is a self-contained introduction to the practical use of ZNE by quantum programmers.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/80a0a7d291a235bec6c5ba7ba477b052245f5b4c

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Artificial Intelligence

1. Patrick J. Coles
2. Piotr Czarnik
3. Lukasz Cincio
4. Andrew Arrasmith
5. M. Cerezo
6. Suguru Endo
7. Martín Larocca

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Patrick J. Coles
2. Lukasz Cincio
3. Andrew Arrasmith

Citations in the corpus

• Error mitigation with Clifford quantum-circuit data (2020, background): “ZNE involves collecting data at various levels of noise, achieved by stretching gate times or inserting identities, and using this noisy data to extrapolate an observable’s expectation value to the zero-noise limit [6, 17, 23, 37, 45].”
• Evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance (2023, neutral): “based on pulse stretching 9,17,18 or subcircuit repetition 20–22 have circum-vented the need for precise noise learning, while relying on simplistic assumptions about the device noise.”