Body orientation and face orientation: two factors controlling apes’ begging behavior from humans

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The gap is social: Human shared intentionality and culture (2010, background): “That these gestures are indeed used flexibly is illustrated by a number of phenomena, for instance, the fact that visual gestures are only used in instances in which the recipient is visually oriented towards the sender (e.g., Tomasello et al. 1997a; Kaminski et al. 2004).”
Why Don't Apes Point? (2006, background): “Flexible use is also evident in the fact that apes only use their visually based gestures such as “arm raise” when the recipient is already visually oriented toward them—so-called audience effects (Kaminski et al. 2004; Tomasello et al. 1994, 1997).”
Primate Cognition (2010, background): “Of particular importance, Kaminski, Call, and Tomasello (2004) found great apes much more sensitive to the recipient’s ability to see them than did Povinelli and Eddy (1996) in a similar paradigm.”
Do chimpanzees know what others see – or only what they are looking at? (2006, methodology): “Kaminski et al. (2004) used a related but different methodology to test this hypothesis in a modified way (see also Call and Tomasello 1994).”