Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union Revisited: Input, Output and ‘Throughput’

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The legitimacy and legitimation of international organizations: introduction and framework (2019, methodology): “…and have been found to drive legitimacy beliefs in multiple contexts.1 Procedure refers to the method of policy making within IOs and directs our attention 1 Our conceptualization of procedure has analytical affinities with input legitimacy (Scharpf 1999) and throughput legitimacy (Schmidt 2013).”
Trust, confidence, and equity affect the legitimacy of natural resource governance (2016, background): “These beliefs are shaped by the structure and processes that define the governing body and are related to factors such as effectiveness, transparency, and inclusiveness (Levi et al. 2009, Scharpf 2009, Schmidt 2013).”
Crisis of trust: Socio-economic determinants of Europeans’ confidence in government (2017, background): “Trust may still relate to government performance, but it is the procedural quality of government that is the factor of interest (Schmidt, 2013).”
A framework for evaluating flood risk governance (2016, background): “Connecting these, throughput legitimacy focuses on the efficacy, accountability, transparency, inclusiveness and openness of governance processes (Schmidt, 2013).”