Space‐based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning

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The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source (2007, methodology): “Models compute that LNO x contributes less than 20% to the column (Martin et EGU al., 2003; Boersma et al., 2005; van Noije et al., 2006) with localized fractions of more than 80% in regions with weak surface NO x emissions (Martin et al., 2007).”
Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone (2006, background): “Martin et al. (2007) found a similar magnitude of 6±2 Tg N yr−1 best agreed with space-based measurements of NO2, O3 and HNO3.”
Optimized regional and interannual variability of lightning in a global chemical transport model constrained by LIS/OTD satellite data (2012, unknown): “…There is evidence for higher NO x yields per flash in the extratropics than in the tropics from aircraft campaigns [ Huntrieser et al. , 2002, 2007, 2008], satellite observations [ Martin et al. , 2006, 2007; Sauvage et al. , 2007b; Boersma et al. , 2008] and model studies [ Hudman et al. , 2007].”
Production of lightning NOx and its vertical distribution calculated from three‐dimensional cloud‐scale chemical transport model simulations (2010, background): “[2007] assumed the Pickering et al. [1998] vertical distributions and were able to reproduce aircraft observations obtained over North America during the International Consortium on Atmospheric Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign after adjusting the amount of NO produced per flash.”