Amount of unfrozen water in frozen porous media saturated with solution

By Kunio Watanabe, M. Mizoguchi. 2002

299 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In porous media, such as soil, some water do not freeze when cooled below 0 � C. The amount of unfrozen water is dependent on temperature and the characteristics of the porous media and solute in water. In this study, three types each of monosized glass powder, silty soil, and clay were saturated with various concentrations of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 solutions and subjected to freezing temperatures. The relationship between the reduction in temperature and the amount of unfrozen water was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The amount of unfrozen water decreased with the lowering of temperature. When a porous medium was saturated with a solution, the amount of unfrozen water increased with increasing

Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Mechanics of Materials

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f88dd2d45fef9b263cac5c4bee791d37e7d0f7f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Atmospheric Science

1. A. Rempel
2. Kunio Watanabe
3. Tomomi Wake
4. M. Grae Worster
5. T. Kozłowski
6. Dani Or
7. B. Kurylyk

In Mechanics of Materials

1. Tomomi Wake
2. T. Kozłowski
3. Kunio Watanabe
4. Dani Or
5. Markus Tuller

Citations in the corpus

• A robust and energy-conserving model of freezing variably-saturated soil (2011, unknown): “(5) in Watanabe and Mizoguchi (2002).”
• Water films and scaling of soil characteristic curves at low water contents (2005, background): “Typical values for Hamaker constants for soil solid-liquidvapor systems range from 10 19 to 10 20 J [Watanabe and Mizoguchi, 2002].”
• Premelting dynamics in a continuum model of frost heave (2004, background): “In addition, the presence of soluble impurities may strongly influence the heaving behaviour in both laboratory and natural environments (e.g. Wettlaufer 1999b; Watanabe & Mizoguchi 2002).”
• Measurement of unfrozen water content and relative permittivity of frozen unsaturated soil using NMR and TDR (2009, methodology): “…a certain amount of water remains unfrozen at subzero temperatures because of a decrease in the free energy of soil water due to surface forces of soil particles and the pore geometry among soil particles (Cannel and Gardner, 1959; Miller, 1980; Dash et al., 1995; Watanabe and Mizoguchi, 2002).”
• A semi-empirical model for phase composition of water in clay–water systems (2007, background): “Many authors dealt with this topic during the last decade experimentally, using the nuclear magnetic resonance NMR (Turov and Leboda, 1999; Watanabe and Mizoguchi, 2002), the neutron spin-echo NSE (Swenson et al.”