Enzymatic production and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS): A review

By Se-Kwon Kim, Niranjan Rajapakse. 2005

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Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Imparting Antimicrobial and UV Protection to Cotton Fabric (2012, background): “It is safe and nontoxic [2, 3] With advent of nanotechnology, semiconductor nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their novel optical, electrical, and mechanical properties.”
Biological activities of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides (2011, positive): “…Sekiguchi et al., 1994; Sudarshan, Hoover, & Knorr, 1992; Uchida, Lzume, & Ohtakara, 1989; Wei & Xia, 2003; Zhao & Xia, 2006), hypocholesterolemic (Kim & Rajapakse, 2005; Liao, Shieh, Chang, & Chien, 2007; Maezaki et al., 1996; Sugano et al., 1980; Sugano, Watanabe, Kishi, Izume, & Ohtakara,…”
Chitosan Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering—An Overview (2010, methodology): “Chitosanase has been used for the preparation of small molecular weight CTS with various methods such as batch reactor, column reactor and ultrafiltration membrane reactor [11].”
A Biopolymer Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Promising Antimicrobial Agents against Plant Pathogens and Their Applications in Crop Protection (2011, result): “This fact is in agreement with studies of Kim and Rajapakse, [256] and Zhang et al. [257] who reported that oligochitosans, obtained by hydrolysis or degradation of chitosan, was not only water-soluble but also have shown to be more effective than chitosan.”