The microsporidian Nosema ceranae, the antibiotic Fumagilin-B®, and western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength

By Geoffrey R. Williams, D. Shutler, Catherine M. Little, K. Burgher-Maclellan, R. Rogers. Apidologie, 2011

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Nosema ceranae disease of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) (2018, background): “However, evidence suggests that fumagillin may not be effective against N. ceranae (Williams et al. 2011; Huang et al. 2013).”
The stability and effectiveness of fumagillin in controlling Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) infection in honey bees (Apis mellifera) under laboratory and field conditions (2011, background): “…of 190 mg fumagillin (a very diluted mixture) and only testing the colonies the following spring while establishing intensity by mean spore count (Williams et al. 2010, 2011), a parameter that is quite unreliable to establish the state of the disease (Meana et al. 2010), even when external bees…”