Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer
By G. De Pergola, F. Silvestris. Journal of Obesity, 2013
945 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The number of cancer cases caused by being obese is estimated to be 20% with the increased risk of malignancies being influenced by diet, weight change, and body fat distribution together with physical activity. Reports from the International Agency for Research into Cancer and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) have shown that the strongest evidence exists for an association of obesity with the following cancer types: endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, prostate, and renal, whereas the less common malignancies are leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and thyroid tumours. To be able to develop novel methods in prevention and treatment, we first must understand the underlying processes which link cancer to obesity. Four main systems have been identified as potential producers of cancer in obesity: insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, sex steroids, and adipokines. Various novel candidate mechanisms have been proposed: chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, crosstalk between tumour cells and surrounding adipocytes, migrating adipose stromal cells, obesity-induced hypoxia, shared genetic susceptibility, and the functional defeat of immune function. Herein, we review the major pathogenic links between obesity and susceptibility to cancer.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7d5fea4422695538b4c811786a027bac87a7f6aa
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Citations in the corpus
- Epidemiology of Melanoma (2021, background): “Excess body fat seems to induce BRAF V600E oncogene activity through metabolic signaling and suppress immunosurveillance, which may explain why obese patients show above-average PFS and OS on BRAF inhibitor therapies and immunotherapies that specifically target these pathways [43,44].”
- Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. (2016, background): “The development of cancer in obese population is associated with the redox alteration caused by adipokines such as leptins, adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6 [31].”
- Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies (2015, background): “Recently, it has been observed that obesity is a major risk factor for cancer.(140) A number of prospective epidemiological studies have demonstrated a direct association between being overweight and developing cancer, although obesity alone does not cause an increase in cancer risk in all tissues b”