A study with particle-image velocimetry of the influence of drag-reducing polymers on the structure of turbulence

By M. D. Warholic, D. Heist, M. Katcher, T. J. Hanratty. 2001

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Turbulent channel flow near maximum drag reduction: simulations, experiments and mechanisms (2003, background): “No numerical simulations have been performed for the high drag reduction regime, although the results of Warholic et al. (1999a , 2001) and Ptasinski et al. (2001) indicate that the polymer behaviour near the maximum drag reduction asymptote has major consequences for the turbulence.”
Effects of polymer stresses on eddy structures in drag-reduced turbulent channel flow (2006, result): “This behaviour is consistent with the observation that the addition of polymers causes the flow to be more parallel to the wall (Warholic et al. 2001).”
The turbulence structure of drag-reduced boundary layer flow (2004, background): “Warholic et al. (2001) differs in that they measured planes of velocity primarily in the x‐y plane and one x‐z plane that was further from the wall than the present measurements.”