Frequency dependence of the complex permittivity and its impact on dielectric sensor calibration in soils

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Initial results from the thermal and electrical conductivity probe (TECP) on Phoenix (2010, background): “This equation has been repeatedly validated in soils that are not clay rich [Kelleners et al., 2005], and, more importantly, has also been used successfully to measure unfrozen water in sediments and concrete at temperatures <273 K [Liu and Guo, 2003; Bittelli et al.”
Frequency, electrical conductivity and temperature analysis of a low-cost capacitance soil moisture sensor (2008, background): “However, Kelleners et al. (2005) concluded that measurement frequencies must be above 500 MHz for stable dielectric permittivity values, whereas Chen and Or (2006) concluded that measurement frequency should be equal or greater than 100 MHz to minimize Maxwell–Wagner polarization.”