LARGE LIANAS AS HYPERDYNAMIC ELEMENTS OF THE TROPICAL FOREST CANOPY

By Oliver L. Phillips, R. V. Martínez, A. Mendoza, Timothy R. Baker, P. N. Vargas. 2005

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Liana Impacts on Carbon Cycling, Storage and Sequestration in Tropical Forests (2013, background): “…van der Heijden & Phillips 2009, Ingwell et al. 2010, Schnitzer & Carson 2010) and increase tree mortality due to direct competition for resources or by the increased risk of wind- and rain-related breakage and tree-fall (Putz 1984b, Phillips et al. 2005, Grogan & Landis 2009, Ingwell et al. 2010).”
Lianas Have a Greater Competitive Effect Than Trees of Similar Biomass on Tropical Canopy Trees (2012, unknown): “…been shown to reduce tree recruitment, regeneration, and diversity (Schnitzer and Carson 2010), growth (Clark and Clark 1990, Grauel and Putz 2004, Ingwell et al. 2010), reproductive output (Stevens 1987, Wright et al. 2005), and survival (Putz 1984a, Phillips et al. 2005, Ingwell et al. 2010).”
Wood CO2 efflux in a primary tropical rain forest (2006, background): “In a lowland tropical rain forest in the Amazon, Phillips et al. (2005) accounted for all diameters and estimated total liana biomass as 1.43 kg m 2.”
Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an Amazon forest. (2007, background): “The trend toward increasing densities of lianas in recent years, indicated by permanent plot studies (Phillips et al. 2005), could be dampened under scenarios of increasingly severe drought episodes.”