Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the concept of reference condition.

By J. Stoddard, D. P. Larsen, Charles P. Hawkins, Richard K. Johnson, R. Norris. Ecological Applications, 2005

1,118 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bbcfd8adeabd5cf84a8197e5b78e0969f606f7c

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In Ecology

In Nature and Landscape Conservation

Citations in the corpus

Assessment of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to quantify the quality of two tributaries of river Chenab, Sialkot, Pakistan (2009, background): “activities have resulted in degradation of stream and riverine ecosystem (Schleiger, 2000) which ultimately alter the structure and function of stream biota (Stoddard et al., 2006).”
Modeling natural environmental gradients improves the accuracy and precision of diatom-based indicators (2007, methodology): “These 2 approaches differ in how biotic data are summarized into an index, but both rely on a comparison of observed data with expectations derived from reference sites (Norris and Hawkins 2000, Stoddard et al. 2006).”
Did you say reference conditions? Ecological and socio-economic perspectives on the European Water Framework Directive (2015, background): “Recently, this concept and the criteria for evaluating a deviation from reference conditions have been codified in the United States (Davies and Jackson, 2006) and Australia (Water Reform Framework in Stoddard et al., 2006) .”
Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages (2008, background): “Expected values generally are defined by the distributions of indicator values observed at reference sites within a region (Stoddard et al 2006).”
Attached Algae: The Cryptic Base of Inverted Trophic Pyramids in Freshwaters (2017, background): “Clear freshwater ecosystems are highly prized by society and are thought to represent a pre-European historical state in North America, Europe, and Australia (Stoddard et al. 2006; but see Moss 2015).”
Process-Based Principles for Restoring River Ecosystems (2010, background): “Given that full restoration is often difficult to achieve even at individual sites, partial restoration frequently becomes the best achievable goal (e.g. Stoddard et al. 2006).”
A Structured Approach for Developing Indices of Biotic Integrity: Three Examples from Streams and Rivers in the Western USA (2007, methodology): “We used the least disturbed sites to define reference conditions (Hughes 1995; Stoddard et al. 2006; Whittier et al. 2006) for metric development.”
Land cover disturbance homogenizes aquatic insect functional structure in neotropical savanna streams (2018, methodology): “As recommended in previous studies (Hughes et al., 1986; Stoddard et al., 2006), we defined sites in least disturbed conditions based on the minimal human disturbance in the catchment (by means of GIS analysis), the absence of direct local influence of human alterations, and the presence of native r”
Neotropical dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) as indicators of ecological condition of small streams in the eastern Amazon (2015, background): “Modified landscapes are also characterized by the clearance of, and disturbances to, riparian forests (Stoddard et al. 2006) that are crucial for protecting a variety of different ecosystem services including the maintenance of landscape-scale hydrological cycles and the conservation of aquatic…”