A Co-Operative Computer Based on the Principles of Human Co-Operation
By A. Clarke, M. Smyth. 1993
Abstract Co-operation is presented as a technique for radically improving human-computer interaction with complex knowledge bases during problem-identifying and problem-solving tasks. A study of human-human co-operation literature indicated the importance of creating an environment where the refinement of solutions can be based on argument and the resolution of differing viewpoints, as it is through this interaction that the nature of the problem is revealed. To bring about such an environment, the work identified and created three mechanisms now considered to be central to human-computer co-operation; goal-oriented working (GOW), an agreed definition knowledge base (ADKB), and a model which, using problem-domain rules, stimulates the interaction between the user and the machine: the partner model (PM). To identify the requirements of the co-operative machine more completely, a software exemplar was constructed, using the task metaphor of spatial design. The result of the work is the implementation of a machine software architecture which demonstrates the functioning of co-operation. This co-operative computer, its evaluators believe, supports a user-machine interaction having a totally new and different quality. The machine architecture and software tools and techniques developed in the work can form the foundation for building future co-operative systems.
How researchers see this paper
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- Shane T. Mueller
- Robert R. Hoffman
- Gary Klein
- Abigail Emrey
- William J. Clancey
- J. Pomerol
- P. Lévine
- D. Gunning
Citations in the corpus
- Explanation in Human-AI Systems: A Literature Meta-Review, Synopsis of Key Ideas and Publications, and Bibliography for Explainable AI (2019, background): “…and explanation cover a range of topics (Ballas, 2007; Bisantz, Finger, Seong, and Llinas, 1999; Blokpoel et al., 2012; Cahour and Forzy, 2009; Clarke and Smyth, 1993; Davies, 2011; Dunbar, 1995; Frank et al., 2016; Groce et al., 2014; Hoffman, 2013, 2017b; Johnson and Johnson, 1993; Kilgore…”
- JOINT COGNITIVE SYSTEMS, COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: A COOPERATION IN CONTEXT (1997, background): “Cooperative systems are based on a successful combination of human skills and computing power.”
- Towards a cognitive approach to human-machine cooperation in dynamic situations (2001, background): “Some authors have recommended that machines propose several solutions instead of a single one to encourage mutual control (Clark & Smyth, 1993; Layton et al., 1994; Smith et al., 1997).”