The Sonora Brown Dwarf Atmosphere and Evolution Models. I. Model Description and Application to Cloudless Atmospheres in Rainout Chemical Equilibrium

By M. Marley, D. Saumon, C. Visscher, R. Lupu, R. Freedman, C. Morley, Jon Fortney, C. Seay, Adam J. R. W. Smith, D. Teal and 1 more. Astrophysical Journal, 2021

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We present a new generation of substellar atmosphere and evolution models, appropriate for application to studies of L-, T-, and Y-type brown dwarfs and self-luminous extrasolar planets. The models describe the expected temperature-pressure profiles and emergent spectra of atmospheres in radiative-convective equilibrium with effective temperatures and gravities within the ranges 200 ≤ T eff ≤ 2400 K and 2.5≤logg≤5.5 . These ranges encompass masses from about 0.5 to 85 Jupiter masses for a set of metallicities ([M/H] = − 0.5 to + 0.5), C/O ratios (from 0.5 to 1.5 times that of solar), and ages. These models expand the diversity of model atmospheres currently available, notably to cooler effective temperatures and greater ranges in C/O. Notable improvements from past such models include updated opacities and atmospheric chemistry. Here we describe our modeling approach and present our initial tranche of models for cloudless, chemical equilibrium atmospheres. We compare the modeled spectra, photometry, and evolution to various data sets.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ae5a68b7679a59a8f49579ba632a4c77af9b94e

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The Complete CEERS Early Universe Galaxy Sample: A Surprisingly Slow Evolution of the Space Density of Bright Galaxies at z ∼ 8.5–14.5 (2023, methodology): “We note that we also ran ﬁ ts with cloud-free model grids extending to particularly cold ( Sonora-Bobcat, T ∼ 200 – 1300 K; Marley et al. 2021 ) and low-metallicity ( LOWZ, [ M / H ] = − 1; Meisner et al. 2021 ) parameter spaces; however, none provided a better ﬁ t over the Sonora-Diamondback…”