Distortions to agricultural incentives : a global perspective, 1955-2007

By K. Anderson. 2009

341 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This book provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price, trade, and exchange rate policies in a large sample of countries spanning the world. This chapter begins with a brief summary of the long history of national distortions to agricultural markets. It then outlines the methodology used to generate annual indicators of the extent of government interventions in markets, details of which are provided in Anderson et al. (2008a, 2008b) and appendix A of this volume. A description of the economies being examined and their economic growth and structural changes over recent decades is then briefly presented as a preface to the main section of the chapter, in which the nominal rate of assistance (NRA) and consumer tax equivalent (CTE) estimates are summarized across regions and over the decades since the 1950s. These estimates are discussed in far more detail in the regional studies that follow, chapters two-ten. A summary of an additional set of indicators of agricultural price distortions, presented in chapter eleven, is based on the trade restrictiveness index first developed by Anderson and Neary (2005). In chapter twelve, the focus shifts from countries to commodities, and various distortion indicators are used to provide a sense of how distorted each of the key farm commodity markets is globally. Chapter thirteen uses the study's NRA and CTE estimates to provide a new set of results from a global economy-wide model. It quantifies the impacts of reforms undertaken since the early 1980s, and of the policies still in place as of 2004, on global markets, net farm incomes, and welfare. Finally, that chapter concludes by drawing on the lessons learned to speculate on the prospects for further reducing the disarray in world agricultural markets.

Subfields: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ac7e8f28a6428aaec18401b4201f2994d740063

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In General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

1. S. Nelgen
2. Will Martin
3. Jo Swinnen
4. K. Anderson
5. J. Allouche
6. D. Byerlee
7. G. Edmeades
8. T. Fischer

Citations in the corpus

• Adoption Versus Adaptation, with Emphasis on Climate Change (2012, background): “F or p er so na l u se o nl y. program entitlements discourages farmers from switching to different crops (Anderson 2009).”
• The economics of desertification, land degradation, and drought: Toward an integrated global assessment (2011, neutral): “In 2001, farm subsidies in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries were about $235 billion (FAO 2003; Anderson 2009), a level that has contributed to an adverse impact on international trade against developing countries (Anderson 2009).”
• Export Restrictions and Price Insulation During Commodity Price Booms (2011, background): “Anderson and Valenzuela (2008) provide them to 2004 for developing countries and to 2007 for high-income countries (summarized in Anderson 2009). They are similarly available for high-income countries for 2008 in OECD (2010). For developing countries, Anderson and Nelgen (2010b) provide estimates ba”
• The Political Economy of Agricultural and Food Policies: Recent Contributions, New Insights, and Areas for Further Research (2010, background): “But what about less well-known cases that are evident from reading many country-studies (Anderson 2009, forthcoming 2010; Bates 1989; Moyer and Josling 2003; Orden, Paarlberg, and Roe 1999; Swinnen 2008)?”
• The Right Price of Food: Reflections on the Political Economy of Policy Analysis and Communication (2011, neutral): “39 For example, in the light of the careful modelling work and analyses of trade liberalization which, among others, Kym Anderson, Tom Hertel, Will Martin, Alan Winters and their colleagues of the World Bank have done over the years, 40 consider two major World Bank reports intended for wide distrib”
• Can Technology Deliver on the Yield Challenge to 2050 (2009, background): “This situation has largely been resolved under liberalization policies of the 1990s, and the average tax on agriculture is now low (Anderson, 2009).”
• Agriculture and Development: A Brief Review of the Literature (2011, neutral): “Anderson (2009) updated the Krueger Schiff, and Valdès study, reaching similar conclusions but showing that, since the mid-1980s, the inter-sector bias against agriculture and the anti-trade bias have been substantially reduced.”
• Food Prices, Wages, and Welfare in Rural India (2013, neutral): “In particular, as high nontariff barriers on agricultural products remained in force well after India’s initial trade liberalization (Anderson 2009), it is not clear what actually happened to the relative price of agriculture in Topalova’s post-reform period.”