The effects of cambial age and position within the stem on specific conductivity in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) sapwood

By R. Spicer, B. Gartner. Trees, 2001

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SAFETY FACTORS FOR XYLEM FAILURE BY IMPLOSION AND AIR-SEEDING WITHIN ROOTS, TRUNKS AND BRANCHES OF YOUNG AND OLD CONIFER TREES (2009, background): “At the base of trees, the high conductivity associated with large conduit lumen diameter (Spicer & Gartner 2001) and very permeable pits (dunham et al. 2007; domec et al. 2008) partly compensates for the negative hydraulic impact of tree height, and contributes to the maintenance of leaf-specific…”
Radial Variation in Wood Structure and Function in Woody Plants, and Hypotheses for Its Occurrence (2011, background): “The less stiff outerwood contrasts with the pattern typical of softwoods, but the more conductive outerwood is consistent with what is seen in softwoods ( Spicer and Gartner 2001 ).”
Variations in the radial gradient of sap velocity in trunks of forest and fruit trees (2008, background): “Although the changes in radial pattern of v have been demonstrated in many species, some studies have observed consistent radial profiles of v among tree species with tracheid xylem anatomy (Phillips et al. 1996; Spicer and Gartner 2001 ).”
Does water transport scale universally with tree size (2005, unknown): “2000; Spicer & Gartner 2001).”
Xylem plasticity allows rapid hydraulic adjustment to annual climatic variability (2013, background): “ally occurs over several sapwood rings with declining conductivity toward the inner sapwood rings (Spicer and Gartner 2001), the relevance of the annual plasticity needs”