Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
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The oldest, most metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and satellite dwarf galaxies present an opportunity to explore the chemical and physical conditions of the earliest star-forming environments in the Universe. We review the fields of stellar archaeology and dwarf galaxy archaeology by examining the chemical abundance measurements of various elements in extremely metal-poor stars. Focus on the carbon-rich and carbon-normal halo star populations illustrates how these provide insight into the Population III star progenitors responsible for the first metal enrichment events. We extend the discussion to near-field cosmology, which is concerned with the formation of the first stars and galaxies, and how metal-poor stars can be used to constrain these processes. Complementary abundance measurements in high-redshift gas clouds further help establish the early chemical evolution of the Universe. The data appear consistent with the existence of two distinct channels of star formation at the earliest times.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a4093348650b6c8434b58f8f6d49a9855b66021
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Citations in the corpus
- The Pristine survey - I. Mining the Galaxy for the most metal-poor stars (2017, background): “Similarly, the chemical signature of these “first galaxies” is proving useful to model the first ages of galactic formation (e.g., Ji et al. 2016; Webster, Frebel & Bland-Hawthorn 2016), but current models are based on, at most, a handful of bright stars per galaxy (Frebel & Norris 2015).”
- Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r-process Elements in the Milky Way (2018, background): “…gravitational waves, short gammaray bursts (GRBs), and galaxy formation theories (e.g., Beers & Christlieb 2005; Arnould et al. 2007; Berger 2014; Frebel & Norris 2015; Fernández & Metzger 2016; Abbott et al. 2017b; Thielemann et al. 2017; Frebel 2018; Horowitz et al. 2018; Cowan et al. 2019).”