A one-dimensional liquid of fermions with tunable spin

By G. Pagano, M. Mancini, G. Cappellini, P. Lombardi, F. Schäfer, Hui Hu, Xia-ji Liu, J. Catani, C. Sias, M. Inguscio and 1 more. Nature Physics, 2014

341 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The physics of one-dimensional many-body systems is rich but still insufficiently understood. An ultracold atom experiment investigates the behaviour of one-dimensional strongly correlated fermions with a tunable number of spin components. Correlations in systems with spin degree of freedom are at the heart of fundamental phenomena, ranging from magnetism to superconductivity. The effects of correlations depend strongly on dimensionality, a striking example being one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems, extensively studied theoretically over the past fifty years1,2,3,4,5,6,7. However, the experimental investigation of the role of spin multiplicity in 1D fermions—and especially for more than two spin components—is still lacking. Here we report on the realization of 1D, strongly correlated liquids of ultracold fermions interacting repulsively within SU(N) symmetry, with a tunable number N of spin components. We observe that static and dynamic properties of the system deviate from those of ideal fermions and, for N > 2, from those of a spin-1/2 Luttinger liquid. In the large-N limit, the system exhibits properties of a bosonic spinless liquid. Our results provide a testing ground for many-body theories and may lead to the observation of fundamental 1D effects8.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Condensed Matter Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79b81e8097f34ba77e4c5a3ae385abf63336b423

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Citations in the corpus

Conformal Field Theory for Inhomogeneous One-dimensional Quantum Systems: the Example of Non-Interacting Fermi Gases (2016, background): “In the past decade, breakthroughs in the field of optically trapped ultra-cold atomic gases [2] have lead to a new generation of quantum experiments that allow to directly observe fundamental phenomena such as quantum phase transitions [3] and coherent quantum dynamics [4, 5] in low-dimensional syst”
Lattice gauge theory simulations in the quantum information era (2016, background): “[116], many paradigmatic system Hamiltonians have been realized in these systems, including SU(2) [117, 118] and SU(N) fermionic Hubbard models [119–121], long-range interactions [122–124], and static gauge fields [125–129], just to name a few.”
Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices (2018, positive): “ealized by straightforward extension of the method outlined above. For instance, Fermi gases with SU() symmetry and an adjustable value of the spin degeneracy up to 6 have been demonstrated in Ref. [71,72,73]. Finally, long-range, dipolar interactions can be implemented using atomic species with lar”
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