Immune response covaries with corticosterone plasma levels under experimentally stressful conditions in nestling barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

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Glucocorticoid Hormone Levels Increase with Group Size and Parasite Load in Cliff Swallows (2006, background): “2003) and immune function suppressed (Grossman 1990; Fowles et al. 1993; Saino et al. 2003).”
Maternal yolk testosterone does not modulate parasite susceptibility or immune function in great tit nestlings (2005, unknown): “This result contrasts with findings in nestling barn swallows, where the PHA response was correlated negatively with levels of corticosterone ( Saino et al. 2003; but see Saino et al. 2002 for adult barn swallows).”
EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS STEROID HORMONE LEVELS ON ANNUAL SURVIVAL IN CLIFF SWALLOWS (2005, background): “Too much corticosterone may cause deleterious physiological effects that impact survival; the most likely is suppression of the immune system (Grossman 1990, Fowles et al. 1993, Dunlap and Schall 1995, Boonstra et al. 2001, Saino et al. 2003).”
Short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness: A review (2011, unknown): “For example, Saino et al. (2003) increased or decreased brood sizes of barn swallows by one nestling and found that nestlings from enlarged broods (in comparison with those from reduced broods) had lower immunoresponsiveness, weighed less, were in poorer body condition, and had higher baseline CORT…”