Modelling of hygro-thermal behaviour of concrete at high temperature with thermo-chemical and mechanical material degradation

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Hygro‐thermo‐chemo‐mechanical modelling of concrete at early ages and beyond. Part I: hydration and hygro‐thermal phenomena (2006, methodology): “The volume-averaged mass balance equation for the solid skeleton, considering mass source related to the cement hydration process, has the following form [12, 26, 27]: (1 − n) s s D s Dt − s D n Dt + (1 − n)div vs = − ṁhydr s (1)”
On the Mechanism of Polypropylene Fibres in Preventing Fire Spalling in Self-Compacting and High-performance Cement Paste (2008, unknown): “The parameters related to the pore structure, as used in existing spalling models [19–21], are either the total porosity or the threshold diameter.”
Towards prediction of the thermal spalling risk through a multi-phase porous media model of concrete (2006, background): “Within the recent years the authors of the paper have developed such a mathematical model and a computer code based on it [12–16].”
Multiphase flow in deforming porous material (2004, background): “For further details, see [23,24].”
How do polypropylene fibers improve the spalling behavior of in-situ concrete? (2006, methodology): “The so-obtained (non-linear) finite element formulation is solved by means of a Newton–Raphson iteration scheme [26,27].”