The respiratory system

By J. Kress. Handbook of Critical Care, 2009

1,424 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The anatomical components of the respiratory system can be divided into an upper respiratory system, which includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx, and a lower respiratory system, composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs. The respiratory tract can be divided into a conducting portion and a respiratory portion. The conducting portion begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity and extends through the pharynx and larynx, and along the trachea and bronchi to the terminal bronchioles. The respiratory portion of the tract includes the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli that are part of the respiratory membrane, where gas exchange occurs.

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Citations in the corpus

• AVMA Guidelines for the euthanasia of animals (2013, unknown): “Because there is no diaphragm, birds need to be able to move their sternum ventrally and cranially to breathe.(535) Birds also have hollow, pneumatic bones, such as the humerus and femur, which communicate directly with the respiratory system.”