Seasonal decline in clutch size in European starlings: a novel randomization test to distinguish between the timing and quality hypotheses

By J. Christians, M. Evanson, J. Aiken. 2001

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Interfemale variation in egg yolk androgen allocation in the European starling: do high-quality females invest more? (2003, background): “But, since high-quality female starlings lay early and large clutches (Christians et al. 2001) and since both of these factors enhance reproductive success in starlings (H.”
Fishery-induced demographic changes in the timing of spawning: consequences for reproductive success* (2009, background): “The importance of birth or hatch date as a component of selection on breeding schedules has received considerable attention in birds (Price et al., 1988; Harris et al., 1992; Verhulst et al. 1995; Christians et al. 2001) and mammals (Rutberg 1987; Ims 1990; Green and Rothstein 1993; Nussey et al.”
Super size me: an experimental test of the factors affecting lipid content and the ability of residual body mass to predict lipid stores in nestling European Starlings (2005, background): “Thus, it is more likely that timing of breeding reflects differences in individual quality among parents ( Christians, Evanson & Aiken 2001; Smith 2004), where higher-quality females breed earlier and are better able to produce offspring with high lipid levels.”