The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: Instrumentation and Online Systems

By I. C. M. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau and 342 more. 2016

551 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.

Subfields: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77e1a3ba69e676116a41657ef2f096f14285c1d0

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Citations in the corpus

• Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger (2017, methodology): “Following the identification via electromagnetic observations of the host galaxy of the event, IceCube also carried out an extended search in the direction of NGC 4993 for neutrinos within the 14 day period following the merger, but found no significant neutrino emission (A. Albert et al. 2017, in p”
• Where are we with light sterile neutrinos? (2019, background): “The IceCube neutrino observatory is a one gigaton Cherenkov detector that consists of 5160 digital optical modules (DOMs) [178] light detectors arranged on 86 strings, located 1450 m below the top of the Antarctic ice.”
• The IceCube Realtime Alert System (2016, methodology): “The IceCube neutrino detector [7, 8] consists of 86 strings, each instrumented with 60 digital optical modules (DOMs) spaced up to 17 m apart over a total vertical length of one kilometer.”
• Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A (2018, background): “To take advantage of multimessenger opportunities, the IceCube neutrino observatory (13) has established a system of real-time alerts that rapidly notify the astronomical community of the direction of astrophysical neutrino candidates (14).”
• IceCube-Gen2: the window to the extreme Universe (2020, background): “A total of 5160 digital optical modules (DOMs), each autonomously operating a 25 cm photomultiplier tube (PMT) in a glass pressure housing [14], are currently deployed at depths between 1450 m and 2450 m along 86 cables (“strings”) connecting them to the surface.”
• Detecting and studying high-energy collider neutrinos with FASER at the LHC (2019, methodology): “IceCube has measured an as-of-yet unidentified highenergy component of the neutrino flux [139].”