Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents: 20 Years After
By Colleen M. Cummings, N. Caporino, P. Kendall. Psychological bulletin, 2013
931 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Brady and Kendall (1992) concluded that although anxiety and depression in youth are meaningfully linked, there are important distinctions, and additional research was needed. Since then, studies of anxiety-depression comorbidity in youth have increased exponentially. Following a discussion of comorbidity, we review existing conceptual models and propose a multiple pathways model to anxiety-depression comorbidity. Pathway 1 describes youth with a diathesis for anxiety, with subsequent comorbid depression resulting from anxiety-related impairment. Pathway 2 refers to youth with a shared diathesis for anxiety and depression, who may experience both disorders simultaneously. Pathway 3 describes youth with a diathesis for depression, with subsequent comorbid anxiety resulting from depression-related impairment. Additionally, shared and stratified risk factors contribute to the development of the comorbid disorder, either by interacting with disorder-related impairment or by predicting the simultaneous development of the disorders. Our review addresses descriptive and developmental factors, gender differences, suicidality, assessments, and treatment-outcome research as they relate to comorbid anxiety and depression, and to our proposed pathways. Research since 1992 indicates that comorbidity varies depending on the specific anxiety disorder, with Pathway 1 describing youth with either social phobia or separation anxiety disorder and subsequent depression, Pathway 2 applying to youth with co-primary generalized anxiety disorder and depression, and Pathway 3 including depressed youth with subsequent social phobia. The need to test the proposed multiple pathways model and to examine (a) developmental change and (b) specific anxiety disorders is highlighted.
Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/77d8837db2b7fc7848118a412d75dffa32235171
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Clinical Psychology
In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
In Psychiatry and Mental health
Citations in the corpus
- Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. (2017, background): “In epidemiological studies, people with major depressive disorder are very likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders, and vice versa (Cummings et al., 2014; Lamers et al., 2011).”
- Fear of missing out (FOMO): overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use (2020, background): “A ansiedade está altamente correlacionada (e é comorbida) com a depressão [81, 82], o que também é um aspecto fundamental da afetividade negativa subjacente [78].”
- Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use (2016, background): “…severity had a negative regression coefficient (Table 2), which could suggest statistical suppression, in light of the research finding strong relationships between depression with low behavioral activation (Dimidjian et al., 2011) and anxiety (Cummings et al., 2014; Lamers et al., 2011).”