Numerical study of mixed convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid

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Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for nanofluids (2012, background): “[87] also modeled a laminar flow of Cu/water nanofluid to demonstrate the positive influence of solid particle concentration on the heat transfer performance.”
A comprehensive review on mixed convection of nanofluids in various shapes of enclosures (2019, background): “[208] Square Laminar 1–100 10(4)–10(6) – Single-phase – Cu 0–5 52 At the fixed Reynolds number, the solid concentration affects on the flow pattern and thermal behavior particularly for a higher Rayleigh number.”
Two phase mixed convection Al2O3–water nanofluid flow in an annulus (2011, methodology): “However, the single phase approach has been used in several theoretical studies of convective heat transfer with nanofluids (Maiga et al., 2004; Roy et al., 2004; Khanafer et al., 2003; Akbarinia and Behzadmehr, 2007; Akbarinia, 2008; Talebi et al., 2010; Shahi et al., 2010; Sundar et al., 2009).”
Numerical study of mixed convection in an inclined two sided lid driven cavity filled with nanofluid using two-phase mixture model (2011, unknown): “[11] investigated the mixed convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid which”