Increased body size confers greater fitness at lower experimental temperature in male Drosophila melanogaster

By Reeve, Fowler, Partridge. 2000

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Morphological traits are linked to the cold performance and distribution of bees along elevational gradients (2016, background): “We therefore expect that the frequency of traits increasing cold performance increases in communities or populations from warm to cold habitats along temperature gradients on mountains (Reeve et al., 2000).”
Bergmann and Converse Bergmann Latitudinal Clines in Arthropods: Two Ends of a Continuum?1 (2004, background): “The best, but by no means conclusive evidence to date in this regard has been presented by McCabe and Partridge (1997) and Reeve et al. (2000).”
Reaction norms for age and size at maturity in response to temperature: a test of the compound interest hypothesis (2002, background): “Replicated Drosophila populations kept in long-term culture at different temperatures evolved to be larger at lower temperatures (Partridge et al., 1994, 1995), and recent studies suggest that body size itself can be a target of thermal selection (McCabe and Partridge, 1997; Reeve et al., 2000 ).”
Using invasive species to study evolution. Case studies with Drosophila and salmon (2005, background): “Studies with D. melanogaster (cited above) have shown that size clines evolve predictably, at least over the course of several centuries, and that large size may be adaptive at low temperatures (Reeve et al. 2000).”