Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of Cellular Networks: How Many Antennas Do We Need?

By Jakob Hoydis, Stephan ten Brink, Merouane Debbah. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2013

2,311 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76b0505020ea959df387ce9896900799828e41d7

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Citations in the corpus

Optimal Design of Energy-Efficient Multi-User MIMO Systems: Is Massive MIMO the Answer? (2014, methodology): “Under the assumptions of Gaussian codebooks, linear processing, and perfect CSI [9], the achievable uplink rate (in bit/second) of the kth UE is”
Aspects of favorable propagation in Massive MIMO (2014, background): “,M, (2) wherehk is the small-scale fading and βk represents the large-scale fading which depends on k but not onm.”
Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems With One-Bit ADCs (2015, background): “oughout the paper. Assumption 2: We neglect pilot contamination during the channel estimation procedure. Pilot contamination is only a signiﬁcant impairment with a very large number of antennas [31], [32]. We further assume that each base station has perfect local CSI with which to implement its det”
Massive MIMO for Maximal Spectral Efficiency: How Many Users and Pilots Should Be Allocated? (2014, background): “, the fact that channel responses are only static in limited time/frequency blocks) and how this impacts the SEs and the ability to mitigate inter-cell interference [2], [6], [7].”
Power Scaling of Uplink Massive MIMO Systems With Arbitrary-Rank Channel Means (2014, background): “The received vector y ∈ C M × 1 at the BS can be written as [11] where G denotes the M × N MIMO channel matrix between the BS and the N users, √ p u x denotes the N × 1 vector containing the transmitted signals from all users, p u is the average transmitted power of each user, and n represents the…”
User Association in 5G Networks: A Survey and an Outlook (2015, methodology): “Table V qualitatively compares the existing user association algorithms proposed for mmWave networks.”
Pilot Reuse for Massive MIMO Transmission over Spatially Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels (2015, methodology): “The DL sum achievable rate R d,sum [9], [10] is given by (51), shown at the top of the next page, where b k is the k th column of the DL precoding matrix B given in (34), and α is the power scaling performed at the UTs given in (35).”
Massive MIMO Has Unlimited Capacity (2017, methodology): “Using the same technique as in [5], [26], the downlink ergodic channel capacity of UE k in cell j can be lower bounded by SE jk = ( 1− τp τc ) log2(1 + γ dl jk) [bit/s/Hz] with”
What Will 5G Be? (2014, methodology): “Any application of massive MIMO at mmWave frequencies would have to ﬁnd the correct balance between power gain/interference reduction and parallelization.”
Massive Connectivity With Massive MIMO—Part I: Device Activity Detection and Channel Estimation (2017, background): “, = 1, it follows that φt,n = 1, ∀n, in which case the MMSE denoiser given in (18) reduces to the linear MMSE estimator: ηt,n (x̂t,n ) = βn (βnI + Σt)−1 x̂t,n , which is widely used for channel training when the user activity is known [20]–[22].”
The Multicell Multiuser MIMO Uplink with Very Large Antenna Arrays and a Finite-Dimensional Channel (2013, background): “Very recently, the design and analysis of such very large MIMO systems has regained significant interest [9]–[15].”
Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A New Next-Generation Paradigm (2019, background): “For the uplink, a capacity lower bound was derived for spatially correlated single cell Massive MIMO systems in [30].”
A Unified Transmission Strategy for TDD/FDD Massive MIMO Systems With Spatial Basis Expansion Model (2017, methodology): “Since we do not assume channel statistics, we cannot apply the conventional way [41] to characterize the lower bound of achievable throughput.”
Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems (2013, background): “Pilot contamination as a basic phenomenon is not really specific to massive MIMO, but its effect on massive MIMO appears to be much more profound than in classical MIMO [13,14].”
Massive MIMO is a Reality - What is Next? Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays (2019, methodology): “Since ELAAs provide a particular type of spatial channel correlation, the spectral and energy efﬁciency can be computed using known results on Massive MIMO with correlated fading [3], [19], [27], [59].”
An Overview of Massive MIMO: Benefits and Challenges (2014, background): “The performance of massive MIMO systems based on various linear receivers has been studied from various perspectives [15]–[18].”