Interferon modulation of cellular microRNAs as an antiviral mechanism

By I. Pedersen, G. Cheng, S. Wieland, Stefano Volinia, Carlo Maria Croce, F. Chisari, M. David. Nature, 2007

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Viruses, microRNAs, and Host Interactions (2010, background): “IFN-β, for example, is upregulated during HCV infection and rapidly induces miR-196, miR-296, miR-351, miR431, and miR-448, among others (71).”
Interferons and viruses: an interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures. (2008, background): “Recently, it has been reported that IFN induces the expression of several cellular miRNAs and that some of these have sequencepredicted targets within HCV genomic RNA (Pedersen et al., 2007).”
Biological functions of microRNAs: a review (2011, background): “The expression of host cell miR-122 can inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and works through IFN-β [ 41 ].”
miR-122--a key factor and therapeutic target in liver disease. (2015, background): “Concept Mechanism Examples References miRNA-binding to viral genome or transcript miRNA-induced stability or decay/ translational repression of the viral RNA • miR-122 binds to the HCV genome and enhances viral translation and replication • miR-199a and miR-210 bind to HBsAg mRNA leading to reduced ”
Current prospects for RNA interference-based therapies (2011, background): “An early example was the intravenous delivery of antagomirs, which are chemically modified RNA oligonucleotides antisense to the miRNAs 134, 135 .”