A 400-year history of fire and oak recruitment in an old-growth oak forest in western Maryland, U.S.A.

By D. Shumway, M. Abrams, C. Ruffner. 2001

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Roost tree selection by northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies following prescribed fire in a Central Appalachian Mountains hardwood forest (2009, background): “…and often catastrophic fires, and chestnut blight, created conditions that favored shadeintermediate and intolerant tree species, such as black locust and oaks in the region (Boring et al., 1981; Abrams and McCay, 1996; Schuler and Fajvan, 1999; Shumway et al., 2001; Nowacki and Abrams, 2008).”
Where Has All the White Oak Gone? (2003, unknown): “It is also very long-lived, sometimes surviving for 400 years or more (Shumway et al. 2001).”
PUTTING A CART BEFORE THE SEARCH: SUCCESSFUL HABITAT PREDICTION FOR A RARE FOREST HERB (2005, background): “…history data, the highest value of the fire frequency index (nearly 1 fire/10 years) corresponds well with longer term fire frequencies (8–13 years) that have been reported for Appalachian pine and oak forest types (Harmon 1982, Abrams 1992, 2000, 2003, Sutherland et al. 1993, Shumway et al. 2001).”
Oak establishment and canopy accession strategies in five old-growth stands in the central hardwood forest region (2003, background): “In western Maryland, Shumway et al. (2001) found that fire was a persistent disturbance before 1930, occurring at a median interval 7.6 years between 1616 and 1959, and that the recruitment of red maple and black birch increased since fire suppression.”