SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area

By W. Randazzo, P. Truchado, E. Cuevas-Ferrando, P. Simón, A. Allende, G. Sánchez. Water Research, 2020

1,036 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 200,000 reported COVID-19 cases in Spain resulting in more than 20,800 deaths as of April 21, 2020. Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from COVID-19 patients has extensively been reported. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities within the Region of Murcia (Spain), the area with the lowest COVID-19 prevalence within Iberian Peninsula. Firstly, an aluminum hydroxide adsorption-precipitation concentration method was validated using a porcine coronavirus (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, PEDV) and mengovirus (MgV). The procedure resulted in average recoveries of 10 ± 3.5% and 10 ± 2.1% in influent water (n = 2) and 3.3 ± 1.6% and 6.2 ± 1.0% in effluent water (n = 2) samples for PEDV and MgV, respectively. Then, the method was used to monitor the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 from March 12 to April 14, 2020 in influent, secondary and tertiary effluent water samples. By using the real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) Diagnostic Panel validated by US CDC that targets three regions of the virus nucleocapsid (N) gene, we estimated quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in untreated wastewater samples of 5.4 ± 0.2 log10 genomic copies/L on average. Two secondary water samples resulted positive (2 out of 18) and all tertiary water samples tested as negative (0 out 12). This environmental surveillance data were compared to declared COVID-19 cases at municipality level, revealing that members of the community were shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their stool even before the first cases were reported by local or national authorities in many of the cities where wastewaters have been sampled. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in early stages of the spread of COVID-19 highlights the relevance of this strategy as an early indicator of the infection within a specific population. At this point, this environmental surveillance could be implemented by municipalities right away as a tool, designed to help authorities to coordinate the exit strategy to gradually lift its coronavirus lockdown.

Subfields: Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/74e4ccf2c394b45c65626261f56dd1556a1d8aaf

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1. W. Ahmed
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5. K. Farkas
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8. E. Haramoto

Citations in the corpus

• Post-lockdown detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewater of Montpellier, France (2020, background): “Several reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was readily detected in wastewater, and it is proposed that such approach could anticipate the occurrence of novel COVID-19 outbreaks in low prevalence regions [1,4,5,7,8,14].”
• Comparison of virus concentration methods for the RT-qPCR-based recovery of murine hepatitis virus, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 from untreated wastewater (2020, background): “Interestingly, these CoV recoveries were similar to the recoveries of the nonenveloped mengovirus (Randazzo et al., 2020b), which is often used as a process control for enteric virus detection in environmental samples (da Silva et al., 2007; Sima et al., 2011; Farkas et al., 2018).”