Laboratory Studies on the Irradiation of Methane in Interstellar, Cometary, and Solar System Ices

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Water and astrobiology (2007, unknown): “…the ice mixtures in Table 2 at 10K allowed construction of a quantitative, mechanistic model for the formation of three astrobiologically important biomarkers on and inside interstellar, waterrich ices: CH3COOH, HCOOCH3, and HCOCH2OH (Bennett et al., 2006, 2007; Bennett and Kaiser, 2007a, b).”
The Compositions of Kuiper Belt Objects (2011, background): “C2H6 forms from the combination of two CH4 molecules which have each had a hydrogen atom removed by irradiation, and it is the first stable molecule to form in the presence of CH4 irradiation (Bennett et al. 2006).”
Our astrochemical heritage (2012, background): “In addition, ethane (C2H6), believed to be the result of CH4 photolysis processes caused by the solar wind and cosmic rays, has been detected in Makemake (Bennett et al. 2006).”
Mechanistical Studies on the Irradiation of Methanol in Extraterrestrial Ices (2007, background): “…on the irradiation of methane and methane mixed with carbon monoxide has shown, radicals formed within thematrix can recombinewith neighboring radicals to form new species both during the irradiation period and on warm-up of the ice when these radicals become mobile (Bennett et al. 2005, 2006).”