Effects of Paecilomyces lilacinus protease and chitinase on the eggshell structures and hatching of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles
By A. Khan, K. Williams, H. Nevalainen. 2004
241 citations recorded by the source corpus.
A serine protease and an enzyme preparation consisting of six chitinases, previously semi-purified from a liquid culture of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251, were applied to Meloidogyne javanica eggs to study the effect of the enzymes on eggshell structures. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that the protease and chitinases drastically altered the eggshell structures when applied individually or in combination. In the protease-treated eggs, the lipid layer disappeared and the chitin layer was thinner than in the control. The eggs treated with chitinases displayed large vacuoles in the chitin layer, and the vitelline layer was split and had lost its integrity. The major changes in the eggshell structures occurred by the combined effect of P. lilacinus protease and chitinases. The lipid layer was destroyed; the chitin layer hydrolyzed and the vitelline layer had lost integrity. The effect of P. lilacinus protease and chitinase enzymes on the hatching of M. javanica juveniles was also compared with a commercially available bacterial chitinase. The P. lilacinus protease and chitinase enzymes, either individually or in combination, reduced hatching of M. javanica juveniles whereas a commercial bacterial chitinase had an enhancing effect. Some juveniles hatched when the eggs were exposed to a fungal protease and chitinase mixture. We also established that P. lilacinus chitinases retained their activity in the presence of endogenous protease activity.
Subfields: Materials Chemistry, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/747aadf2f22a5ec9ffa2af0c074401ac1e5dc5a1
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In Plant Science
Citations in the corpus
- Arthrobotrys oligospora: a model organism for understanding the interaction between fungi and nematodes (2011, background): “This group is represented by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pochonia chlamydosporium (Verticillium chlamydosporium) (Lopez-Llorca et al. 2002; Khan et al. 2004).”
- Fungal chitinases and their biological role in the antagonism onto nematode eggs. A review (2008, background): “Interestingly, chitin is present only in the eggshell of nematodes, and for this reason it is the target of possible control strategies (Spindler et al. 1990, Veronico et al. 2001; Khan et al. 2004; Morton et al. 2004; De Jin et al. 2005).”
- Fungi as Biological Control Agents of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (2020, background): “Paecilomyces lilacinus secrete a serine protease and several chitinases that involve in drastic degradation of the eggshell structure [262, 263].”
- Parasitism of Trichoderma on Meloidogyne javanica and role of the gelatinous matrix (2007, background): “This combination of enzymes is required to disrupt the eggshell (Tikhonov et al. 2002; Khan et al. 2004 ), although chitinolytic capacity is probably the most important activity on the eggshells (Morton et al. 2004).”