The nuts and bolts of Brazil's bolsa familia program : implementing conditional cash transfers in a decentralized context

By Kathy A. Lindert, A. Linder, Jason Hobbs, B. Brière. 2007

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Self-Targeting: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia (2016, methodology): “…Sistema Información de la Población Objetivo system, and the Mongolian Child Money Program ðsee, e.g., Castaneda and Lindert 2005; Hodges et al. 2007; Coady and Parker 2009; Martinelli and Parker 2009Þ. Brazil’s Bolsa Familia program uses a combination of the two methods ðLindert et al. 2007Þ.”
Resource Rents, Redistribution, and Halving Global Poverty: The Resource Dividend (2011, background): “But the trade-off of low administrative costs is higher errors of inclusion, and in Bolsa Familia about 20 percent of recipient families are not in the poorest quarter of the distribution (Lindert et al. 2007, p. 47).”
The Growth of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean: Did They Go Too Far? (2012, background): “They led in 2001 to the launch of the Federal Bolsa Escola Program, followed in 2003 by Bolsa Familia which merged a number of existing social assistance transfers (Bolsa Escola, Bolsa Alimentação and Cartão Alimentação (part of Fome Zero anti-hunger program) and Auxílio Gas) (Lindert et al. 2007).”
Local Electoral Incentives and Decentralized Program Performance (2012, methodology): “Municipalities were entrusted with enforcing the school attendance conditionality.4 The program was implemented across all of Brazil in 2001 and incorporated in 2004 into the current Bolsa Familia program (Lindert et al., 2006).”