Globalization or Internationalization? Foreign Footballers in the English League, 1946-95

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The double indeterminacy of labour power (2006, background): “Where the individual has unique skills and talents we therefore observe ‘slave-type’ contracts not open market transfer (as for sportsmen, movie stars and movie directors) restraining mobility and reducing the costs of exit force the employer to constrain free wage labour (McGovern, 2002).”
Understanding globalization through football: The new international division of labour, migratory channels and transnational trade circuits (2010, background): “…athletes – a hitherto little-studied topic suddenly became worthy of scientific attention – several researchers distanced themselves from the hyperglobalist vision, by notably highlighting the geographical selectivity of the flows (Maguire and Stead, 1998; McGovern, 2002; Poli and Ravenel, 2005).”