An Assessment of the Valuation Methods Used to Calculate the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and Sustainable Net Benefit Index (SNBI)

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An initial estimate of the value of ecosystem services in Bhutan (2013, background): “It then adds positive activities that are left out of GDP like volunteer work and household labor, and subtracts activities that are included in GDP but are negatives, like the costs of crime, commuting, pollution, and natural capital depletion (Daly and Cobb, 1989; Lawn, 2005).”
Economic Growth Quality, Environmental Sustainability, and Social Welfare in China - Provincial Assessment Based on Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) (2019, background): “Furthermore, Lawn (2005) responded to the critiques regarding valuation methods, stating that many of the methods are legitimate, and only a small number are questionable and need refinement or replacement.”
Beyond GDP: Measuring and achieving global genuine progress (2013, background): “The reasonwhymany GPI researchers have adopted a cumulative cost approach when calculating some environment costs relates to their ‘strong sustainability’ stance on GPI adjustments (Lawn, 2005).”
Beyond GDP: The Need for New Measures of Progress (2009, unknown): “A frequent criticism of alternative measures is the subjective nature of the decisions used to create the methodologies (England 1998; Neumayer 1999; Neumayer 2000; Lawn 2003; Lawn 2005 ).”