Rethinking the "norm" of offender generality: Investigating specialization in the short-term

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A new method for studying the extent, stability, and predictors of individual specialization in violence (2007, methodology): “Several recent studies focusing on the variety of offenses committed have used a diversity index that is similar to the FSC in calibrating specialization on a 0 to 1 scale (Mazerolle et al., 2000; Piquero et al., 1999; Sullivan et al., 2006).”
On the Relationship between Co-Offending Network Redundancy and Offending Versatility (2010, background): “Previous work has addressed this (see McGloin et al. 2007; Sullivan et al. 2006) and agrees with Agresti and Agresti’s (1978:208) assertion that researchers should not standardize the diversity index to account for this issue.”
Detecting Specialization in Offending: Comparing Analytic Approaches (2009, methodology): “of offending versatility (Bouffard et al. 2008; Mazerolle et al. 2000; McGloin et al. 2007; Miethe et al. 2006; Piquero et al. 1999; Sullivan et al. 2006; Wright et al. 2008).”
Gangs and Violence: Disentangling the Impact of Gang Membership on the Level and Nature of Offending (2013, background): “Recent examinations of specialization in offending, however, suggest significant variation exists in patterns of behavior when shorter periods of time are examined (Deane, Armstrong, and Felson 2005; Osgood and Schreck; 2007; McGloin et al., 2007; McGloin et al., 2011; Sullivan et al. 2006).”